How and Why to Cite ****************************************************************************************** * Why to cite ****************************************************************************************** When writing an academic text, you need to clearly identify the documents you have used an your work. This will enable the readers to trace back the literature you have consulted an them to verify your statements. You are also demonstrating your knowledge of the scholarly writing about. This referencing of sources is called citation. By citing correctly, you av of plagiarism [ URL "CITFSVEN-9.html "] . In addition, citation analysis is used to measure the outputs of research or the success r researchers and institutions. It helps to determine the relevance of a topic - simply put, authors cite a particular researcher, the more important that researcher is. Briefly about bibliometrics [ URL "https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/bibliometrics"] . For more on quality and quantity in research and citation and publication analysis, see the section on [ URL "CITFSVEN-10.html "] . The obligation to cite is stated in the Copyright Act as well as in the Dean's Provision n [ URL "https://fsv.cuni.cz/en/deans-provision-no-18/2015"] . The method of citation or cit is recommended at the FSV according to the standard ČSN ISO 690. Information and documenta for bibliographic references and citations of information sources. However, this standard recommended and some institutes use other citation styles. If you are starting to write an it is advisable to check the current rules in force at your institute. If you are publishi institution or journal, it is likely that they will require citation according to a differ style. Always ask what citation rules the institution follows. ****************************************************************************************** * General principles of citation ****************************************************************************************** • Cite the sources of all the data and ideas you have used in your paper. • Make sure that the information in the citations is clear, and follow the same rules for the list of references used, including consistent formatting (e.g. punctuation). • Give full details in the citation (less is not more in this case). • Always adopt the information in the citation from a specific document (i.e. with a book source of information in your hand), avoid so-called secondary citations (i.e. citations works cited in another work; it is better to look up the original work and cite it speci • As a rule, do not look for missing information, but omit it (e.g. ISBN, full author's fi The exception is the date of publication, which is an important piece of information for can be traced or guessed. • If the date of publication is not given, but you have nevertheless traced it from anothe estimated it, this date should be given in square brackets (e.g.: [ca. 1750], [198?]). • Unless absolutely necessary, do not abbreviate the words contained in the information ab publication cited. • Citing online sources follows almost the same rules as print sources, again it is import to trace the source back. • If you are using one of the help tools to work with citations, always check the result. • Information is written in the language of the document (it is not translated). Exception description data such as pagination and notes, additional information in round brackets, and conjunctions. • Data on information sources that are not in Latin characters must always be transliterat Cyrillic characters) or transcribed (from Japanese characters). ****************************************************************************************** * When you do not need to quote ****************************************************************************************** • When writing from your own experience, your own perceptions, your own thoughts, etc., or describe the results of your own experiments or observations, • When using your own drawings, digital photographs, video, audio, etc., • When referring to so-called common knowledge, e.g. folklore, myths, rumours and urban le historical events (not applicable to historical documents), • When using generally known knowledge, e.g. car emissions have a bad effect on the enviro that are accepted as general within a particular field, e.g. Newton's laws of motion; BU to state with how much percentage cars contribute to the production of carbon dioxide, y to state a citation. ****************************************************************************************** * Which elements to use when quoting ****************************************************************************************** *========================================================================================= * Paraphrasing *========================================================================================= These are longer texts where you summarise or repeat in your own words the ideas of anothe own previously published). It is useful to point out to the reader in the text that the fo come from another source, or the following formulations can be used (for example ...as J. the research of J. Procházka shows. It is not always necessary to give a page number for paraphrases, but it is appropriate. I has more than one sentence, it is possible to give a citation only for the first sentence from the further text that it draws on a single source. Example: Sonia Livingstone (2007) points out how the family's shared use of home media is transform consumption of individually owned media through price reduction and increasing portability *========================================================================================= * Direct quotation *========================================================================================= It is the exact wording of a part of another author's text, usually separated by quotation text of the work. Example: Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many peop lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientificall a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough 2015, *========================================================================================= * References in the text *========================================================================================= They refer the reader to a list of references; the references may take different forms, de citation style chosen. Most often they take the form of a superscript, a number in bracket wording - e.g. (author, date). Examples: Sonia Livingstone (2007) points out how the family's shared use of home media is transform consumption of individually owned media through price reduction and increasing portability Sonia Livingstone 1 points out how the family's shared use of home media is transformed in consumption of individually owned media through price reduction and increasing portability Sonia Livingstone (1) points out how the family's shared use of home media is transformed consumption of individually owned media through price reduction and increasing portability *========================================================================================= * List of references *========================================================================================= It is a list of literature used in the text, sequenced according to the rules of the citat The list must include all the works whose ideas you mention in the text and may not includ not mentioned in the text. Example: ARNETT, Jeffrey Jensen: Adolescents‘ Uses of Media for Self-Socialization. Journal of Yout Adolescence, 1995, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 519–533. ARNETT, Jeffrey Jensen, LARSON, Reed and OFFER, Daniel: Beyond Effects: Adolescents as Act Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1995, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 511–518. BANDURA, Albert: Social learning and personality development. London: Holt, Rinehart and W BAUER, Lukáš. ICT v každodenních praxích mladých Romů. Diploma thesis. Brno: Masaryk Unive Brno, Faculty of Social Studies, 2013. [cit. 2014-10-01]. Available at: http://is.muni.cz/ fss_m_a2/DIPLOMOVA_PRACE_2013_bau-er_s_rozhovory.pdf [ URL "http://is.muni.cz/th/179224/fs DIPLOMOVA_PRACE_2013_bau-er_s_rozhovory.pdf"] BOYD, Danah: Taken Out of Context: American Teen Sociality in Networked Publics. Dissertat University of California-Berkeley: School of Information, 2008. BOYD, Danah: Friendship. In ITO, Mizuko (ed.). Hanging out, Messing around and Geeking out Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010, pp. 79–115. [cit. 2009-10-29]. Available at: http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/full_pdfs/hanging_out.pdf [ URL "http://mitpress.mit.edu/boo hanging_out.pdf"]