APA Style ****************************************************************************************** * ****************************************************************************************** • Patron institution: American Psychological Association • It specifies the appearance of the citation in the author-date format, and it also speci appearance of the Bibliography • APA Style Manual [ URL "https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines"] - 7th editio APA Style referencing method The following is an excerpt from the APA Style Manual [ URL "https://apastyle.apa.org/styl guidelines"] • Within APA Style, only one way of in-text referencing is used, namely Author–Date. • The bibliography is then sorted alphabetically by reference, usually by name. • When repeating a citation, the entire citation is listed within the APA Style, the abbre is NOT used. • Do not use abbreviations such as Jr. in name references. The reference always has two parts: • A reference, which is usually the author's name • The date of publication of the work In-text references can be in: • Parentheses - example (Alexander, 2018) - more authors are combined with the character & Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s perception of expert consensus o (Koehler, 2016) • Narrative (directly in the text) – for example: Alexander, 2018 - more authors are combi conjunction “and” Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage. ****************************************************************************************** * Basic ways of writing in-text references ****************************************************************************************** Type of author Citation in parentheses Narrative citation One author Luna, 2020) (Luna (2020) Two authors (Salas & D'Agostino,Salas a D'Agostino (2020) Three and more a(Martin et al., 2020) Martin et al. (2020) Group author with abbreviation* First cit(Národní institut pro duševníNárodní institut pro [NIDZ], 2020) duševní zdraví (NIDZ, 2020) Following cit(NIDZ, 2020) NIDZ (2020) Group author wit(Stanford University, 2020) Stanford University abbreviation (2020) * Define the group author abbreviation only once in the text, choosing either parentheses format. Then use an abbreviation for all group references in the text. *========================================================================================= * Exceptions to basic citation styles in the text *========================================================================================= • If several works by one author published in the same year appear in the text, use lowerc distinguish between them (Blondaux & O’Hanrahan, 2018a) (Blondaux & O’Hanrahan, 2018b) • If different authors have the same last name, use the initials to distinguish between th • Do not use abbreviations such as Jr. in references. *========================================================================================= * Date of publication in the reference *========================================================================================= • The year in the reference must correspond to the year in the bibliography • Even if the source offers a more specific date (e.g. day, month, year), use only the yea • For works without a specified date, use the abbreviation n.d. • For works that have not yet been published, use the wording “in print” *========================================================================================= * General rules for creating bibliographic citations *========================================================================================= • Make sure that the spelling of the authors' names in the bibliography matches the spelli corresponding references in the text. • Cite only the works you have read and the ideas that relate to the topic you are writing • If possible, always cite primary sources, cite secondary sources only rarely. • Cite the sources of all the data and ideas you provide. • Cite the sources and document all the facts and figures that you mention that are not co • To cite a specific part of the source, cite the work with the author's date and informat specific part. • Even when the sources cannot be cited (e.g. because it is a personal communication), sti in the text (but avoid using online sources that can no longer be displayed). *========================================================================================= * Creating bibliographic citations *========================================================================================= The bibliographic citation contains the following elements; for more on individual element [ URL "https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/elements-list-entry"] • Author - the person or institution (or combination) responsible for the content of the w • Date of publication of the work, it can be in the form of only date, year, month, day; y or some range • Title of the work itself or part of the work (article in a journal or collection). The t individual work or a specific part is written in italics for clarity. • The source indicates where the work can be found. In the case of articles, it can be, fo title or DOI of the journal, URL. In the case of books - the publisher, URL, database, e *========================================================================================= * Samples of bibliographic citations in APA Style *========================================================================================= Book: Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2017). Úvod do informační vědy. Flow. Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books Svendsen, S., & L?ber, L. (2020). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3r ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. https://thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk/ [ UR thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk/"] Article in a journal: Švec, F. (2021). Quo vadis kapalinová chromatografie? Chemické listy, 115(4), 185–187. Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185 [ URL "https://doi.org/10.1037/ Website: Charles University. Licensing. (2021). Open Science Support Centre. http://openscience.cun OSCIEN-59.html [ URL "http://openscience.cuni.cz/OSCIEN-59.html"] World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death [ URL "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ top-10-causes-of-death"] Dissertation thesis: Králová, K. (2020). Fast Goes the Fleeting Time: The Miscellaneous Concepts of Time in Dif Old Norse Genres and their Causes [Faculty of Arts, Charles University]. Charles Universit Repository. https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/142987/52898140 [ URL "https://is.cuni.c detail/142987/52898140"] Facebook post News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what s discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater [ URL www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater"] More examples [ URL "https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples